Earth Science Olympiad - Previous Questions 4

Earth Science Olympiad - Previous Questions 4

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1. Which of the followings is not a stable isotope:

¹²C
¹³C
¹⁴C
¹⁵N

2. Smaller phytoplankton has advantage over bigger phytoplankton in oligotrophic (less nutrient) waters, because:

Surface area of smaller phytoplankton is less than the bigger phytoplankton
volume of smaller phytoplankton is less than the bigger phytoplankton phytoplankton
surface area: volume ratio of smaller phytoplankton is less than the bigger phytoplankton
surface area: volume ratio of smaller phytoplankton is more than the bigger phytoplankton

3. Pressure at 750 m ocean depth is

750 bar
750 mbar
76 bar
75 mbar

4. Oceanic Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) increases when

rainfall occurs
sea surface temperature increase
wind speed over the ocean increases
primary production increases

5. Approximately how much fraction of the surface organic matter production reaches to the sea floor:

0.5
0.25
0.1
0.01

6. Pycnocline refers to

vertical salinity gradient
vertical temperature gradient
vertical density gradient
vertical nutrient gradient

7. Coriolis force

is applied on the objects only at the poles
zero at the equator
decreases with increasing speed
zero at the poles

8. Geostrophic flow conditions occur when

Coriolis force is zero
Pressure gradient force is zero
Pressure gradient force is balanced by Coriolis force
Pressure gradient force and Coriolis force are in imbalance

9. The major atmospheric constituents that are homogeneously distributed in the lower atmosphere are

N₂, O₂, N₂, O
N₂,O₂,H₂
N₂, O₂, CO₂
N₂, O₂, Ar

10. Highest mean annual temperatures is observed

over the tropics during the summer in respective hemispheres
near the tropics over the oceans
at the equator over land
at the equator over oceans

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